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RITUAL THEORY AND TECHNIQUE
Copyright Colin Low 1990
1. Introduction
2. Magical Consciousness
3. Limitation
4. Essential Steps
5. Maps & Correspondences
6. Conclusion
1. Introduction
These notes attempt to say something useful about magical
ritual. This is difficult, because ritual is invented, and any
sequence of actions can be ritualised and used to symbolise
anything; but then something similar can be said about words and
language, and that doesn't prevent us from trying to communicate,
so I will make the attempt to say something useful about ritual,
and try to steer a path between the Scylla of anthropology and
sweeping generalisations, and the Charybdis of cultish
parochialism. My motivation for writing this is my belief that
while any behaviour can be ritualised, and it is impossible to
state "magical ritual consists of this" or "magical ritual
consists of that", some magical rituals are better than others.
This raises questions of what I mean by "goodness" or "badness",
"effectiveness" or "ineffectiveness" in the context of magical
work, and I intend to duck this with a pragmatic reply. A magical
ritual is "good" if it achieves its intention without undesired
side effects, and it is "bad" if the roof falls on your head.
Underlying this definition is another belief: that magical ritual
taps a raw and potentially dangerous (and certainly amoral)
psychic force which has to be channelled and directed; traditional
forms of magical ritual do that and are not so arbitrary as they
appear to be.
An outline of ceremonial magical ritual (in the basic form in
which it has been handed down in Europe over the centuries) is
that the magician works within a circle and uses consecrated tools
and the magical names of various entities to evoke or invoke
Powers. It seems to work. Or at least it works for some people
some of the time. How *well* does it work? That's a fair
question, and not an easy one to answer, as there is too much ego
at stake in admitting that one's rituals don't always work out.
My rituals don't always work - sometimes nothing appears to
happen, sometimes I get unexpected side effects. The same is true
of those magicians I know personally, and I suspect the same is
true of most people. Even at the mundane level, if you've ever
tried to recreate a "magical moment" in a relationship, you will
know that it is hard to stand in the same river twice - there is
an elusive and wandering spark which all too often just wanders.
In summary, I like to know why some rituals work better than
others, and why some, even when that elusive spark is present, go
sour and call up all the wrong things - these notes contain some
of my conclusions. As I have tried to lift the rug and look
underneath the surface, the approach is abstract in places; I
prefer to be practical rather than theoretical, but if magic is to
be anything other than a superstitious handing-down of mumbo-
jumbo, we need a model of what is happening, a causality of magic
against which it is possible to make value judgements about what
is good and bad in ritual. Traditional models of angels, spirits,
gods and goddesses, ancestral spirits and so on are useful up to a
point, but these are not the end of the story, and in penetrating
beyond these "intermediaries" the magician is forced to confront
the nature of consciousness itself and become something of a
mystic.
The idea that the physical universe is the end product of a
"process of consciousness" is virtually a first principle of
Eastern esoteric philosophy, it is at the root of the Kabbalistic
doctrine of emanation and the sephiroth, and it has been adopted
by many twentieth century magicians as a useful complement to
whatever traditional model of magic they were weaned on - once one
has accepted that it is possible to create "thought-forms" and
"artificial elementals" and "telesmic images", it is a small step
to admitting that the gods, goddesses, angels, and spirits of
traditonal magic may have no reality outside of the consciousness
which creates and sustains them. This is what I believe
personally on alternate days of the week. On the remaining days I
am happy to believe in the reality of gods, goddesses, archangels,
elementals, ancestral spirits etc. - in common with many magicians
I sit on the fence in an interesting way. There is a belief among
some magicians that while gods, goddesses etc may be the creations
of consciousness, on a par with money and the Bill of Rights, such
things take on a life of their own and can be treated as if they
were real, so while I take the view that magic is ultimately the
manipulation of consciousness, you will find me out there calling
on the Powers with as much gusto as anyone else.
2. Magical Consciousness
The principle function of magical ritual is to cause
well-defined changes in consciousness. There are other
(non-magical) kinds of ritual and ceremony - social,
superstitious, celebratory etc - carried out for a variety of
reasons, but magical ritual can be distinguished by its emphasis
on causing shifts in consciousness to states not normally
attainable, with a consequence of causing effects which would be
considered impossible or improbable by most people in this day and
age.
The realisation that the content of magical ritual is a means
to an end, the end being the deliberate manipulation of
consciousness, is an watershed in magical technique. Many people,
particularly the non-practicing general public, believe there is
something inherently magical about ritual, that it can be done,
like cooking, from a recipe book; that prayers, names of powers,
fancy candles, crystals, five-pointed stars and the like have an
intrinsic power which works by itself, and it is only necessary to
be initiated into all the details and hey presto! - you can do it.
I believe this is (mostly) wrong. Symbols do have magical power,
but not in the crude sense implied above; magical power comes from
the conjunction of a symbol and a person who can bring that symbol
to life, by directing and limiting their consciousness through the
symbol, in the manner of icing through an icing gun. Magical
power comes from the person (or people), not from the superficial
trappings of ritual. The key to ritual is the manipulation and
shifting of consciousness, and without that shift it is empty
posturing.
So let us concentrate on magical consciousness, and how it
differs from the state of mind in which we normally carry out our
business in the world. Firstly, there isn't a sudden quantum jump
into an unusual state of mind called magical consciousness. All
consciousness is equally magical, and what we call magical depends
entirely on what we consider to be normal and take for granted.
There is a continuum of consciousness spreading away from the spot
where we normally hang our hat, and the potential for magic
depends more on the appropriateness of our state for what we are
trying to achieve than it does on peculiar trance states. When I
want to boil an egg I don't spend three days fasting and praying
to God; I just boil an egg. One of the characteristics of my
"normal" state of consciousness is that I understand how to boil
an egg, but from many alternative states of consciousness it is a
magical act of the first order. So what I call magical
consciousness differs from normal consciousness only in so far as
it is a state less appropriate for boiling eggs, and more
appropriate for doing other things.
Secondly, there isn't one simple flavour of magical
consciousness; the space of potential consciousness spreads out
along several different axes, like moving in a space with several
different dimensions, and that means the magician can enter a
large number of distinct states, all of which can be considered
different aspects of magical consciousness.
Lastly, it is normal to shift our consciousness around in
this space during our everyday lives, so there is nothing unusual
in shifting consciousness to another place. This makes magical
consciousness hard to define, because it isn't something so
extraordinary after all. Nevert